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Mirrors

A mirror is a surface with good specular reflection that is smooth enough to form an image. The best known example is the plane mirror. more...

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The most common use is in the home for personal grooming but mirrors are also used in scientific apparatus such as telescopes and lasers, and in industrial machinery.

Effect

In a plane mirror, a parallel beam of light changes its direction as a whole, whilst still remaining parallel; the images formed by a plane mirror are virtual images, of the same size as the original object (see mirror image). There are also parabolic concave mirrors, where a parallel beam of light becomes a convergent beam, whose rays intersect in the focus of the mirror. Finally, there are convex mirrors, where a parallel beam becomes divergent, with the apparent intersection occurring behind the mirror. Note that spherical concave and convex mirrors do not have a single focal point, as often described in high school physics text books (see spherical aberration in lens (optics) and aberration in optical systems).

A beam of light reflects off a mirror at an angle of reflection that is equal to its angle of incidence. That is, if the beam of light is shining on a mirror's surface at a 30° angle from vertical, then it reflects from the point of incidence at a 30° angle from vertical in the opposite direction.

Image in a mirror

For an object with approximate reflection symmetry, a reflection in some mirror plane corresponds to a combination of:

  • a translation if the mirror is parallel to the symmetry plane of the object, and otherwise a rotation about the line of intersection of the two planes by an angle which is twice the angle between the two planes
  • a reflection in the approximate symmetry plane of the object (due to the assumption this is a minor change)

We can apply this to the image in a mirror of, say, a standing person, because people have approximate bilateral symmetry. The image is the most realistic if it is still vertical, i.e., if the rotation is about a vertical axis. This is the case iff the mirror is vertical. In this case the image of the person is in normal standing orientation and vertically in a normal position, at a horizontally different position and with an orientation rotated about a vertical axis, the latter except if the mirror is parallel to the approximate symmetry plane of the person.

Read more at Wikipedia.org


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Prices current as of last update, 07/30/10 5:57am.

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